J/ApJ/854/73 Full-data results of HFF: galaxies z~6-9 (Ishigaki+, 2018) ================================================================================ Full-data results of Hubble Frontier Fields: UV luminosity functions at z~6-10 and a consistent picture of cosmic reionization. Ishigaki M., Kawamata R., Ouchi M., Oguri M., Shimasaku K., Ono Y. =2018ApJ...854...73I ================================================================================ ADC_Keywords: Clusters, galaxy; Photometry, HST; Optical; Galaxies, IR; Redshifts; Gravitational lensing Keywords: galaxies: evolution ; galaxies: formation ; galaxies: high-redshift Abstract: We present UV luminosity functions of dropout galaxies at z~6-10 with the complete Hubble Frontier Fields data. We obtain a catalog of ~450 dropout-galaxy candidates (350, 66, and 40 at z~6-7, 8, and 9, respectively), with UV absolute magnitudes that reach ~-14mag, ~2 mag deeper than the Hubble Ultra Deep Field detection limits. We carefully evaluate number densities of the dropout galaxies by Monte Carlo simulations, including all lensing effects such as magnification, distortion, and multiplication of images as well as detection completeness and contamination effects in a self-consistent manner. We find that UV luminosity functions at z~6-8 have steep faint-end slopes, {alpha}~-2, and likely steeper slopes, {alpha}<~-2 at z~9-10. We also find that the evolution of UV luminosity densities shows a non-accelerated decline beyond z~8 in the case of M_trunc_=-15, but an accelerated one in the case of M_trunc_=-17. We examine whether our results are consistent with the Thomson scattering optical depth from the Planck satellite and the ionized hydrogen fraction Q_HII_ at z<~7 based on the standard analytic reionization model. We find that reionization scenarios exist that consistently explain all of the observational measurements with the allowed parameters of f_esc_=0.17_-0.03_^+0.07^ and M_trunc_>-14.0 for log{xi}_ion_/[erg^-1^Hz]=25.34, where f_esc_ is the escape fraction, Mtrunc is the faint limit of the UV luminosity function, and {xi}_ion_ is the conversion factor of the UV luminosity to the ionizing photon emission rate. The length of the reionization period is estimated to be {Delta}z=3.9_-1.6_^+2.0^ (for 0.1~} 4 (Steidel+, 1999) J/ApJ/736/18 : Lyman-continuum emission at z~3 in SSA22 field (Nestor+, 2011) J/ApJS/199/25 : CLASH sources for MACS1149.6+2223 (Postman+, 2012) J/ApJS/208/20 : Nine-year WMAP point source catalogs (Bennett+, 2013) J/MNRAS/432/2696 : Galaxy luminosity function at z = 7-9 (McLure+, 2013) J/ApJ/762/L30 : CLASH: MCS J0416.1-2403 strong lensing analysis (Zitrin+, 2013) J/ApJ/793/115 : UV-continuum slopes beta for z~4-8 galaxies (Bouwens+, 2014) J/MNRAS/440/2810 : Galaxy luminosity function at z =~ 7 (Bowler+, 2014) J/ApJ/800/18 : HST/WFC3 observations of z~7-8 galaxies in A2744 (Atek+, 2015) J/ApJ/803/34 : z~4-10 galaxies from HST legacy fields (Bouwens+, 2015) J/ApJ/810/71 : UV mag of candidate galaxies at 3~~6 from the Hubble Frontier Fields (Livermore+, 2017) Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bytes Format Units Label Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1- 19 A19 --- Field Field identifier 21- 25 F5.2 mag lH160 [28.5/29.3] 5{sigma} H_160_ limit magnitude (1) 27- 30 F4.2 arcmin2 Area [4.1/4.8] Area (2) 32- 35 F4.2 --- Area7 [0.7/2]? The survey area in the source plane at z=7 37- 38 I2 --- Nz6 [7/41] Number of galaxies with z~6-7 40- 41 I2 --- Nz8 [0/10] Number of galaxies with z~8 43 I1 --- Nz9 [0/7] Number of galaxies with z~9 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Note (1): The depths are defined with a 0.35"-diameter aperture. Note (2): The area of each image is reduced by the masking near the bright stars. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Byte-by-byte Description of file: table[456].dat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bytes Format Units Label Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1- 19 A19 --- Field Field identifier 21- 35 A15 --- ID Identifier 37- 46 F10.6 deg RAdeg [3.4/342.4] Right ascension (J2000) 48- 57 F10.6 deg DEdeg [-45/38] Declination (J2000) 59 A1 --- l_i-Y Upper limit flag on i-Y 61- 64 F4.2 mag i-Y [0.5/3.6] HST F814W (i_814_)-F105W (Y_105_) color index 66- 69 F4.2 mag e_i-Y [0.02/1]? i-Y uncertainty 71- 75 F5.2 mag Y-J [-0.5/0.7] HST/WFC3-IR F105W (Y_105_)-F125W (J_125_) color index 77- 80 F4.2 mag e_Y-J [0.01/0.4] Y-J uncertainty 82- 86 F5.2 mag J125 [24.4/28.5] HST/WFC3-IR F125W (J_125_) AB magnitude (1) 88- 91 F4.2 mag e_J125 [0.01/0.3] J125 uncertainty 93- 98 F6.2 --- mu [1.2/685]? Magnification (2) 100-103 F4.2 --- zphot [0.06/9.6] Photometric redshift 105-108 F4.2 --- e_zphot [0.06/7.4] Negative uncertainty in zphot 110-113 F4.2 --- E_zphot [0.3/7.2] Positive uncertainty in zphot 115-128 A14 --- Ref Reference(s) (3) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Note (1): Total magnitudes m_tot_ estimated with the aperture correction m_tot_=m_AP_-0.82. Note (2): Magnifications calculated with mass models in Kawamata+ (2018ApJ...855....4K ). Note (3): Reference as follows: 1 = Atek et al. (2014ApJ...786...60A) 2 = Atek et al. (2015ApJ...814...69A) 3 = Coe et al. (2015ApJ...800...84C) 4 = Laporte et al. (2014A&A...562L...8L) 5 = Laporte et al. (2015A&A...575A..92L) 6 = Laporte et al. (2016, J/ApJ/820/98) 7 = Livermore et al. (2017, J/ApJ/835/113) 8 = McLeod et al. (2016MNRAS.459.3812M) 9 = Oesch et al. (2015ApJ...808..104O) 10 = Zheng et al. (2014ApJ...795...93Z) 11 = Zitrin et al. (2014ApJ...793L..12Z). -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- History: From electronic version of the journal ================================================================================ (End) Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 07-Nov-2018